But in quantum physics it is more complicated. The wooden beads have clear states, each one is in a very specific place, if you don't do anything the bead will stay exactly where it was.Īnd whether you move the bead quickly or slowly does not affect the result. For example, you can use an abacus in which wooden balls are threaded onto a stick and pushed back and forth. In our classical world, perfect arithmetic operations are not a problem. Quantum calculation steps are like rotations This sets fundamental limits to the possibilities of quantum computers. The research team was able to show that since no clock has an infinite amount of energy available (or generates an infinite amount of entropy), it can never have perfect resolution and perfect precision at the same time. Precision tells you how much inaccuracy you have to expect with every single tick. The time resolution indicates how small the time intervals are that can be measured-i.e., how quickly the clock ticks. Every clock has two fundamental properties: a certain precision and a certain time resolution. However, this means that in order to be able to rely on the quantum computing operation delivering the correct result, you need a clock that is as precise as possible.īut here you run into problems: perfect time measurement is impossible. But they all have one thing in common: you use a quantum physical system-for example, individual atoms-and change their state by exposing them to very specific forces for a specific time. There are different ideas about how quantum computers could be built. Due to technical limitations, one does not count photons, but rather the TPC cycles through the averaged light intensity. In the oversampling regime, the average time between two such ticks is much shorter than that of the period of the TPC (continuous line), which in the case of this pendulum is 2 s. The plot shows the elementary ticking events of this clock as a function of time, i.e., the photons reflected off the pendulum when it is close to its maximum deflection. The two sources of entropy production for this clock are: the friction within the clockwork itself, and the matter–light interaction necessary to track the position of the pendulum. The oversampling regime of an exemplary clock-a pendulum in a weakly lit environment.
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